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We are inviting applications to Frontier's 2026 Innovation program targeting novel carbon removal approaches and last-mile challenges in ocean alkalinity enhancement, surficial mineralization, and open-system MRV.

In our annual letter, we take a moment to reflect on what happened last year at Frontier and how we’re thinking about the year ahead.

Frontier has awarded $2M in R&D grants to Leilac (UK) and SaltX (Sweden) to support the production of zero carbon lime—lime produced without net CO₂ emissions—on behalf of Stripe, Shopify, and Google. Zero carbon lime could be a low cost feedstock for several carbon removal applications.

Frontier has facilitated an offtake agreement with NULIFE GreenTech, a Canadian company that converts biowaste into a concentrated bio‑oil and stores the CO₂ geologically in licensed salt caverns. With this deal, Frontier buyers will pay NULIFE USD $44.2 million to remove 122,000 tons of CO₂ between 2026 and 2030.

Frontier has facilitated offtake agreements with Reverion, a German company that captures and permanently stores CO₂ from biogas while generating clean electricity through solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)

Frontier has facilitated offtake agreements with Planetary, a company that removes atmospheric CO₂ and reduces local ocean acidity by adding dissolved alkaline minerals to seawater.

Frontier has facilitated $1.75 million of carbon removal purchases from Karbonetiq (United States), Limenet (Italy), and pHathom (Canada) on behalf of buyers Stripe, Shopify, and Google. Frontier buyers are the first customers for two out of three companies.

Frontier has facilitated offtakes with Arbor, a Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) company, to launch its first commercial facility.

Frontier facilitated offtake agreements with Hafslund Celsio, Norway’s largest supplier of district heating and owner/operator of Norway’s largest waste incineration plant in the outskirts of the capital, Oslo. Frontier buyers will pay $31.6 million to remove 100,000 tons of CO₂ between 2029 and 2030.

Eion sources olivine, a rock type that reacts quickly with CO₂, spreads it on agricultural fields, and measures how much CO₂ is removed. Olivine weathers fast, leading to more rapid CO₂ removal, and acts as a substitute to agricultural lime for managing soil acidity.

Frontier buyers will pay Phlair $30.6 million to remove 47,000 tons of CO₂ between 2027 and 2030.

In our annual letter we take a moment to reflect on what happened last year at Frontier and in the field more broadly.

Frontier has facilitated $80 million in offtake agreements with two companies integrating carbon removal (CDR) technology into existing industrial processes.

Frontier has facilitated offtake agreements with Terradot, a San Francisco and São Paulo-based carbon removal company. Frontier buyers will pay $27 million to remove 90,000 tons of CO₂.

Frontier buyers will pay $25.4M to permanently remove 55,442 tons of CO₂ through projects that also help restore acidified rivers.

Frontier has facilitated $4.5M of carbon removal prepurchases from 9 companies—Alithic, Alt Carbon, Anvil, Capture6, Exterra Carbon Solutions, Flux, NULIFE, Planeteers, and Silica—on behalf of buyers Stripe, Shopify, Alphabet, H&M Group, and Match (via Watershed).

Frontier has facilitated offtake agreements with 280 Earth for the first deployment of their continuous capture process. Frontier buyers will pay 280 Earth $40M to permanently remove 61,571 tons of CO₂.

Frontier has facilitated offtake agreements with Stockholm Exergi to enable a first-of-a-kind carbon removal retrofit on a biomass-based district heating facility. Frontier members will buy $48.6M of the facility's removal output between 2028 and 2030.

Vaulted Deep will permanently remove 152,480 tons of CO₂ by 2027 on behalf of Frontier buyers.

Frontier has facilitated the world’s first enhanced weathering (EW) offtake with Lithos Carbon. Frontier buyers will pay $57.1M to permanently remove 154,240 tons of CO₂ by 2028.

Frontier has facilitated its first set of direct air capture (DAC) offtakes with CarbonCapture Inc. and Heirloom. Frontier buyers will pay CarbonCapture Inc. $20.0M to permanently remove 45,500 tons of CO₂ by 2028 and Heirloom $26.6M to remove 26,900 tons of CO₂ by 2030.

Frontier has facilitated $7M of carbon removal purchases–from Airhive, Alkali Earth, Banyu Carbon, Carbon Atlantis, CarbonBlue, CarbonRun, EDAC Labs, Holocene, Mati, Planetary Technologies, Spiritus Technologies and Vaulted—on behalf of buyers Stripe, Shopify and H&M Group.

Frontier has facilitated its first set of offtake agreements with Charm Industrial, totaling $53M. Frontier buyers will pay Charm to permanently remove 112,000 tons of CO₂ from the atmosphere between 2024 and 2030.

Autodesk, H&M Group, JPMorgan Chase, and Workday are joining Frontier, an advance market commitment to accelerate carbon removal. The new members will commit to purchase a combined $100M of permanent, high quality carbon removal over the next eight years.

This video series follows the entrepreneurs and scientists who are trying to crack permanent carbon removal at scale.

Frontier has facilitated its largest round of carbon removal purchases—from Arbor, Captura, Arca (formerly Carbin Minerals), Carbon To Stone, Cella, CREW and InPlanet—on behalf of Stripe and Shopify. Stripe and Shopify will spend a combined $3.5M buying carbon removal, with another $7.5M contingent on projects reaching agreed upon technical milestones. In addition, Stripe has provided $500K in R&D grants to Kodama Systems and Nitricity.

Carbon removal buyers face numerous challenges in quantifying deliveries across a range of diverse pathways. We explore this challenge and propose a framework for purchasing under conditions of uncertainty.

Frontier has facilitated its first purchases—from AspiraDAC, Calcite-Origen, Lithos Carbon, RepAir, Travertine, and Living Carbon—on behalf of Stripe. Stripe will spend $2.4M buying carbon removal from these six companies, with another $5.4M contingent on projects reaching agreed upon technical milestones.

Stripe, Alphabet, Shopify, Meta, and McKinsey Sustainability are today launching Frontier, an advance market commitment (AMC) to accelerate the development of permanent carbon removal technologies. The founding companies plan to commit $1B over the next nine years to purchase permanent carbon removal from suppliers building promising new solutions.