Our portfolio

We work with a multidisciplinary group of top scientific experts to help us evaluate the most promising carbon removal technologies. You can explore our growing portfolio of projects or read about our selection process.

Dollars contracted

$5.6M

$3.5M since spring 2022

Tons contracted

8,993

7K since spring 2022

Project locations

Projects by pathway

We seek a diverse portfolio to maximize the likelihood of meeting our global climate goals.

15 projects

|

7 pathways

Enhanced weathering
5
Direct air capture
4
Storage (mineralization)
2
Biomass burial
1
BECCS
1
Direct ocean capture
1
Synthetic biology
1

Project locations

Purchase Cycle
Pathway
Location
Track

15 projects

15 projects

Arbor

Arbor is developing a modular, compact approach to Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS), the process of removing carbon by converting biomass waste to products such as electricity and permanently storing the CO₂ underground. Their technology combines a gasifier that can work flexibly across biomass types with an advanced turbine that maximizes electrical efficiency. Arbor’s modular system can be quickly deployed and is designed to be manufactured at substantially lower costs.

Purchase Cycle
Fall 2022
Tons
1,000
Track
Prepurchase
Pathway
Biomass carbon removal and storage
Location
Los Angeles, CA, US

Arca

Arca is capturing CO₂ from the atmosphere and mineralizing it into rock. They work with producers of critical metals, transforming mine waste into a massive carbon sink. With autonomous rovers, their approach accelerates carbon mineralization, a natural process storing CO₂ permanently as new carbonate minerals. By creating a system that works directly at the mine site, Arca avoids the cost and emissions of moving material to processing facilities.

Purchase Cycle
Fall 2022
Tons
380
Track
Prepurchase
Pathway
Enhanced weathering
Location
Vancouver, Canada

Captura

Captura is harnessing the ocean for scalable removal by designing an electrochemical process to separate acid and base from seawater. The acid is used to remove CO₂ that’s present in seawater, which is injected for permanent geologic storage. The base is used to treat and return the remaining water safely to the ocean, and the ocean then draws down further CO₂ from the atmosphere. Captura is developing optimized membranes to increase electrical efficiency and reduce removal costs.

Purchase Cycle
Fall 2022
Tons
508
Track
Prepurchase
Pathway
Direct ocean capture
Location
Pasadena, CA, US

Carbon To Stone

Carbon To Stone is developing a new form of direct air capture, in which a solvent that binds CO₂ is regenerated by reacting with alkaline waste materials. By replacing conventional solvent regeneration using heat or pressure changes with direct mineralization of low-cost alkaline wastes such as steel slag, the team can significantly reduce the energy, and thus the cost, required. The CO₂ is durably stored as solid carbonate materials that can be used for alternative cements.

Purchase Cycle
Fall 2022
Tons
1,269
Track
Prepurchase
Pathway
Direct air capture
Mineralization
Location
Ithaca, NY, US

Cella

Cella increases the options for safe and secure carbon storage via mineralization. They accelerate the natural process that converts CO₂ into solid mineral form by injecting it into volcanic rock formations together with saline water and geothermal brine waste, with an approach that lowers cost and minimizes environmental impacts. Cella’s technology integrates low-carbon geothermal heat and can be paired with a variety of capture methods.

Purchase Cycle
Fall 2022
Tons
2,198
Track
Prepurchase
Pathway
Storage
Mineralization
Location
NYC, US and Nairobi, Kenya

CREW

CREW is building specialized reactors to enhance natural weathering. The container-based system creates optimized conditions to speed up the weathering of alkaline minerals, and the discharged water stores CO₂ from wastewater safely and permanently as bicarbonate ions in the ocean. CREW’s system makes measuring CO₂ removed easier and can react with CO₂ from a variety of sources, including direct air capture and biomass systems, to maximize scale.

Purchase Cycle
Fall 2022
Tons
615
Track
Prepurchase
Pathway
Enhanced weathering
Location
New Haven, CT, US

Inplanet

Inplanet accelerates natural mineral weathering to permanently sequester CO₂ and regenerate tropical soils. They partner with farmers to apply safe silicate rock powders under warmer and wetter conditions that can result in faster weathering rates and thus faster CO₂ drawdown. ​​The team is developing monitoring stations to generate public field trial data to improve the field’s understanding of how weathering rates vary under tropical soil and weather conditions across Brazil.

Purchase Cycle
Fall 2022
Tons
1,041
Track
Prepurchase
Pathway
Enhanced weathering
Location
Piracicaba, Brazil and Munich, Germany

Kodama

Kodama Systems and the Yale Carbon Containment Lab are deploying a proof-of-concept method of storing waste woody biomass by burying it in anoxic chambers underground, preventing decomposition. The team will experiment with how chamber conditions and above-ground disturbances impact durability and reversal risk.

Purchase Cycle
Fall 2022
Tons
-
Track
R&D
Pathway
Biomass burial
Location
Sonora, CA, US

Nitricity

Nitricity is exploring the potential of integrating carbon removal into a novel process for the electrified production of clean fertilizer. This process combines carbon-neutral nitrogen compounds, phosphate rock and CO₂, producing nitrophosphates for the fertilizer industry and storing CO₂ durably as limestone. This new pathway could present a low-cost storage solution for dilute CO₂ streams with co-benefits of decarbonizing the fertilizer industry.

Purchase Cycle
Fall 2022
Tons
-
Track
R&D
Pathway
Other
Location
Fremont, CA, US

AspiraDAC

AspiraDAC is building a modular, solar-powered direct air capture system with the energy supply integrated into the modules. Their metal-organic framework sorbent has low temperature heat requirements and a path to cheap material costs, and their modular approach allows them to experiment with a more distributed scale-up.

Purchase Cycle
Spring 2022
Tons
500
Track
Prepurchase
Pathway
Direct air capture
Location
Sydney, Australia

Our selection process

Each project submits an application, which is then reviewed by a panel of scientific, commercial, and governance experts. We assess projects against our target purchase criteria.

As the diversity of carbon removal approaches increases and various pathways mature, we’ll continue to iterate our selection process to best reflect that.

Multiple funding tracks

To support technologies at different stages in their development, we purchase carbon removal through two funding tracks.

1 | Prepurchase

For early-stage suppliers piloting new technologies, Frontier offers low-volume prepurchase agreements to accelerate development.

2 | Offtake

For larger suppliers preparing to scale, Frontier facilitates offtake agreements to purchase future tons of carbon removal at an agreed price if and when delivered. This purchase track will make up the bulk of Frontier’s spend.

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