44.01
44.01 permanently stores CO₂ by turning it into solid rock underground.
- Pathway
- Mineralization
- Contracted tons
- 20,932
- Track
- Offtake - 2026
- Total contract value
- $11.7M
- Location
- London, UK
- Delivery timeline
- 2028 – 2031
The approach
44.01’s process – called in-situ mineralization (ISM) – dissolves CO₂ in water and injects it deep underground into peridotite rock, accelerating a natural reaction with magnesium silicate minerals that locks the CO₂ into stable, solid carbonates.
The case for 44.01's approach to in-situ mineralization
ISM can put storage where conventional sequestration cannot economically reach. Sedimentary basins are concentrated while reactive rock is abundant. For example, industrial sources near 44.01's existing site in the UAE sit within 50 kilometers of well-characterized peridotite but more than 300 kilometers from viable conventional storage in the Gulf. The same mismatch exists in other regions like Japan, Finland, inland Norway, and along the US Pacific coast.
ISM can accelerate both carbon removal and industrial decarbonization goals. The rock can mineralize any concentrated CO₂ stream, so in addition to carbon removal, these formations can store emissions captured from cement, steel, and other hard-to-abate industries.
Dissolving the CO₂ before injection adds an additional containment layer before mineralization occurs. The resulting fluid is denser than groundwater, so it sinks rather than rises and is trapped by dissolution before mineralization even begins. Site characterization and geophysical monitoring data have demonstrated that the geological layers above and below the target injection zone act as geological barriers which can provide additional layers of containment.
44.01 has designed its wells to safely improve injection rates and drive down cost. A single deviated well, drilled with techniques borrowed from enhanced geothermal and oil and gas industries, tracks through the naturally fractured rock and exposes the injected fluid to far more reactive rock than a vertical injection point would. 44.01's field trials have demonstrated promising sustained injection rates.
44.01 has extensive ISM operating experience. 44.01 has operated numerous field pilots which have safely conducted short duration CO₂ injection programs since 2023. TÜV SÜD and the XPRIZE Carbon Removal board have done third-party safety reviews.
This project will generate operating data for the broader ISM field. Building on five field pilots, 44.01 will collect multi-year data on sustained injection rates, water use, and operating costs, and share it with the broader community to help other projects evaluate and deploy the approach on a global scale.
Pricing and delivery
The total offtake amount from Frontier buyers is $11.7M for approximately 21,000 tons. The price accounts for both the CO₂ capture and ISM steps, as well as measuring, reporting, and verifying (MRV) that each ton is safely and permanently stored.
